Lactic acid is an AHA (alpha hydroxy acid) made mostly by fermenting sugar (cornstarch, molasses, or similar carbohydrate feedstocks) with lactic-acid bacteria. A smaller share is made synthetically from acetaldehyde. On skin, it works its way between the cells of the outer skin layer and ramps up the activity of en...
How is it used?
Add it to the water phase. It's heat-stable, so it can go in early or at cooldown. Aim for a finished pH of 3.5 or higher for leave-on use, balancing exfoliation strength against irritation risk.
Forms
Available forms and grades affect how this ingredient behaves and how it should be selected for a formula.
Appearance
Color, texture, and physical characteristics can vary between suppliers and product grades.
Usage rate
Recommended incorporation levels depend on product type, supplier guidance, and the intended result.
Why we use it
Formulators choose this ingredient for specific performance, sensory, and stability benefits.
Strengths and limitations
Its advantages, compatibility considerations, and practical tradeoffs should be weighed during development.
Alternatives and substitutions
Possible replacements depend on the ingredient's role, desired skin feel, and formulation system.
Storage and shelf life
Appropriate storage conditions help protect quality and performance throughout the ingredient's usable life.
Create an account to read the full guide
Sign up free to unlock use levels, substitutions, formulation guidance, and storage advice.