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Salicylic acid

INCI: Salicylic acid

What is it?

Salicylic acid is a BHA (beta hydroxy acid) made industrially through the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction: sodium phenoxide reacted with carbon dioxide under heat and pressure, then purified. Unlike AHAs, which work strictly on the skin's surface, salicylic acid is oil-soluble, so it can travel down into oil-clogged pores. O...

How is it used?

Dissolve it in a solvent like propylene glycol, ethanol, or PEG first, or use a supplier's pre-made ~20% solution. Don't try to dissolve the raw powder directly into water. Target a finished pH around 3 to 4 for effective exfoliation.

Forms

Available forms and grades affect how this ingredient behaves and how it should be selected for a formula.

Appearance

Color, texture, and physical characteristics can vary between suppliers and product grades.

Usage rate

Recommended incorporation levels depend on product type, supplier guidance, and the intended result.

Why we use it

Formulators choose this ingredient for specific performance, sensory, and stability benefits.

Strengths and limitations

Its advantages, compatibility considerations, and practical tradeoffs should be weighed during development.

Alternatives and substitutions

Possible replacements depend on the ingredient's role, desired skin feel, and formulation system.

Storage and shelf life

Appropriate storage conditions help protect quality and performance throughout the ingredient's usable life.

Salicylic acid

What is it?

How is it used?

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