Tween 28 is made by first esterifying sorbitan with lauric acid, the same first step used to make the Span family, then reacting that ester with a large number of ethylene oxide units, about 80 per molecule, in a process called ethoxylation. That heavy ethylene oxide loading is what turns an oil-soluble Span-type ma...
How is it used?
Add it to the water phase; it's heat-tolerant. For HLB blending, pairing it with a laurate-based Span, if you can find one, gives the tightest blend, though it can be weighted-averaged with any Span.
Forms
Available forms and grades affect how this ingredient behaves and how it should be selected for a formula.
Appearance
Color, texture, and physical characteristics can vary between suppliers and product grades.
Usage rate
Recommended incorporation levels depend on product type, supplier guidance, and the intended result.
Why we use it
Formulators choose this ingredient for specific performance, sensory, and stability benefits.
Strengths and limitations
Its advantages, compatibility considerations, and practical tradeoffs should be weighed during development.
Alternatives and substitutions
Possible replacements depend on the ingredient's role, desired skin feel, and formulation system.
Storage and shelf life
Appropriate storage conditions help protect quality and performance throughout the ingredient's usable life.
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